Plate

Normally a 2 X 4 or 2 X 6 that lays horizontally within a framed structure, such as:Sill plate- A horizontal member anchored to a concrete or masonry wall.Sole plate- Bottom horizontal member of a frame wall.Top plate- Top horizontal member of a frame wall supporting ceiling joists, rafters, or other members. "Top" plate is the horizontal member fastened to the top of the studs or wall on which the rafters, joists or trusses rest; "sole" plate is positioned at bottom of studs or wall.